PARAMETRIC AND NONPARAMETRIC TESTS FOR DEPENDENT DATA1

ABSTRACT: Simulation and analytical results show that ignoring serial dependence can have serious effects on the performance of the t, sign, and Wilcoxen tests. In particular, the true significance levels of these tests are altered significantly from the intended nominal levels. Modifications for these tests are given and shown to have the correct significance levels. Furthermore, an estimate of serial correlation is suggested for binary data and evaluated by simulation. An application to the toxic contaminants data from the Niagara River concludes the paper.     

校准曲线的系统处理方法

对校准曲线通过标准化余差法进行点位离群检验，通过相关系数相关性检验，对截矩进行检验，根据检验结果确定出基本上消除系统误差，随机误差较小的回归方程。     

全尺度室内环境模拟箱研制及性能测评

介绍了全尺度室内环境模拟箱,以及研究开发的与室内实际空间尺寸相仿的大容量环境模拟箱具备的对试验条件的调节功能.在标准试验条件(箱内温度23 ℃,相对湿度45%,换气量30 m3/h)下,箱内温度、相对湿度和换气量的波动误差分别为0.21 ℃、0.35%、0.15 m3/h.实验结果表明,环境模拟箱的气密性和混合性良好,本底浓度较低,能为室内空气污染研究提供环境条件稳定、背景干扰小的室内仿真环境.对大芯板甲醛释放测定的结果表明,环境模拟箱能够较准确地模拟室内污染物的释放过程和规律.     

外秦淮河底泥释放对上覆水水质的影响

通过静态模拟实验，分析了外秦淮河底泥中释放出的与黑臭有关的DO、COD、NH3-N对上覆水水质的影响。上覆水中COD质量浓度是前4d呈下降趋势，至第11d基本稳定；NH3-N质量浓度是前4d呈上升趋势，至第11d趋于稳定；DO质量浓度是从开始实验时的7mg/L左右，很快下降至第11d的1mg/L以下才基本稳定。结果表明，外秦淮河底泥释放对上覆水水质有一定影响，并且这种释放有明显的梯度效应。     

Pilot investigations of surface parts of three closed landfills and factors affecting them

Aftercare of closed sanitary landfills in a major environmentalproblem. Rehabilitation of the landfill with vegetation and reducing leachate production are two issues that must be dealt.For this reason, Finnish Environment Institute has conducted several projects on closed landfills. This research aims atdetermining the physical and chemical properties of the soils atthree closed landfills in Helsinki, Finland. Research was conducted to understand the impact by studying the following properties: Chemical, nutrient metal, gamma and radon analysis of surface soils of three closed landfills in Helsinki area.     

陆源排海污水生物毒性控制限值研究——以秦皇岛市为例

在枯水期和丰水期,对秦皇岛市15个典型入海排污口污水进行生物效应监测,选用发光细菌(费歇尔弧菌)、藻类(中肋骨条藻)、甲壳类(卤虫)、鱼类(海水青鳉幼鱼) 4种不同的生物毒性测试生物对污水进行短期急性毒性测试。结果表明:排海污水的毒性大小易受雨水稀释影响;海水青鳉幼鱼对污水最为敏感,其次为卤虫和中肋骨条藻,费歇尔弧菌敏感性最低。对排海污水毒性评估结果与理化指标的相关性分析进一步表明,仅仅依靠理化指标来评估污水的环境影响具有局限性。     

运行方式对人工快渗系统水质净化效果的影响

以天然砂作为主要渗滤介质,建立污水处理人工快速渗滤系统(CRI).分别以洗浴污水、生活污水和受污染河水作为研究对象,在相同的水力负荷条件下,用两种不同的运行方式(定期投配一定量的污水、淹水和落干交替运行)对不同水质的污染物去除效果进行了对比研究.结果表明,通过缩短淹水周期,加大系统淹水和落干的频率,可以明显改善CRI系统的污染物去除效果.     

双层管用于发光细菌检测水样毒性时的色度修正

阐述了应用发光细菌检测有色水样毒性时,水样色度会引起附加发光抑制的原因,提出应用同心双层检测玻管,可以对有色水样色度引起的附加发光抑制加以修正.通过比较单层管和双层管测定标准曲线间的差异、设置阴性对照和阳性对照评价该方法的可靠性,以及用该方法检测有色水样活性黑KN-B溶液的急性毒性实验,结果表明,用同心双层检测玻管可以有效修正由水样色度引起的附加发光抑制.     

用水氵蚤监测水质

介绍了利用水Sao监测水质的优势及常用方法，探讨了水Sao的实验室培养技术，并了水Sao对污染物的形态、生殖和行为反应，提出利用水Sao监视污水安全排放和生产用水水质的设想。在分析水Sao毒性试验误差来源的基础上，建议对试验生物材料和测试环境进行限定，最终形成操作性强的标准方法。     

Artemia salina as test organism for assessment of acute toxicity of leachate water from landfills

Artemia salina has, for the first time, been used as test organism for acute toxicity of leachate water from three landfills (the municipal landfills at Kristianstad, Sweden and Siauliai, Lithuania, and an industrial landfill at Stena fragmenting AB, Halmstad, as well as for leachate from Kristianstad treated in different ways in a pilot plan). Artemia can tolerate the high concentrations of chloride ions found in such waters. Large differences in toxicities were found, the leachate from Siauliai being the most toxic one. To increase the selectivity in the measurements, a fractionation was done by using ion exchange to separate ammonium/ammonia and metal ions from the leachate, and activated carbon adsorbents for organic pollutants. The influence of some metals and phenol compounds on the toxicity was investigated separately. It was found that most of the toxicity emanated from the ammonium/ammonia components in the leachate. However, there was also a significant contribution from organic pollutants, other than phenol compounds, since separate experiments had in this latter case indicated negligible impact. The concentrations of metals were at a level, shown by separate experiments, where only small contribution to the toxicity could be expected.